Team Work in Business - 1872 Words

Title: Write a research paper of the importance role as well as the effectiveness of team work in business. At the beginning of eighteen century, high quality products of Japan started occupying the world market rapidly. The success story of Japanese companies made American companies surprise and curious, then American soon found that team work was one of the keys for Japanese companies’ success. For two hundred years, team work has been widely applied successfully in business and it is considered as an important element in helping companies to work more effectively. For this reason, team work at workplace has become a very significant topic in business research during the past time. Understanding the importance role of team work in†¦show more content†¦In particular, when there are any variations or chaos in the market, teams in companies especially the cross-mutational teams will be gathered to set up a new design or plan or solution to deal with this change. Thirdly, team work helps companies to enhance their quality service, especially customer satisfaction and this sho w clearly in the below table: Objective Percentage of respondents(n = 100) Delivering customer satisfaction 77 Achieving total quality 74 Overcoming departmental barriers 65 Encouraging cross-functional co-operation 63 Changing the corporate culture 63 Involving employees 62 Increasing speed of response 56 Building closer relationships with customers 55 Improving managerial productivity 49 Harnessing individual talents 48 Building a learning organization 44 Encouraging teamwork in the boardroom 43 Creating a flat and flexible organization 36 Focusing on the delivery of outputs 33 Building closer relationships with suppliers 26 Internationalizing the business 25 Allocating roles and responsibilities 21 Table II. Corporate objectives for which teamwork is currently ranked â€Å"very important†, table from Drew, Coulson-Thomas, Transformation through teamwork: the path to the new organization? (1997 http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet? Filename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/1350030303.pdf). The table II showed the rank of the importance level of team work to the corporateShow MoreRelatedTeam Work In Business Essay1849 Words   |  8 PagesTeam Work in Business At the beginning of eighteen century, high quality products of Japan started occupying the world market rapidly. The success story of Japanese companies made American companies surprise and curious, then American soon found that team work was one of the keys for Japanese companies’ success. For two hundred years, team work has beenRead MoreSupply Chain Management Of Interest1244 Words   |  5 Pagesabove, employers are seeking for holder of bachelor degree in business or related with more experience or master degree in business or related with less experience as most preferred, which will include experience in operations or supply chain field, lean manufacturing concept and application, leadership skills and knowledge, developing and managing budgets, mentoring and coaching team, group or members, ability to build high performance team, and strong leadership abilities with strong technical as wellRead MoreExample of Team Conflict1090 Words   |  5 Pagesof Team Conflict an d Outcomes Below are two examples of team who experienced conflict and worked through the problem. (The team and individual names have been changed.) Team #1 was formed early in October and was enthusiastic in participating in Global Challenge. However, in March, we received the following email: Dear Sally, Susie Smith has formally decided to drop out of Global Challenge. It was explained to me, by her, that she wasn t fully aware of how much work thisRead MoreDifferences Between American and Indian Managers Essay845 Words   |  4 Pages When you think about the approaches to change among American versus Indian managers there is a striking difference between the business practices. There are many area to include motivating employees, creating a sense of mission, engaging in transparency and accountability, investing in training, empowering through communication and cultural. (HBR, Leadership lessons from India 2010). We know that leadership is very important to motivation and interpersonal behavior within the companyRead MoreAcademic Skills For Business Studies Essay950 Words   |  4 Pages 469 Academic Skills for Business Studies Assignment 2 Research report Submitted to Guillermo Merelo Submitted by Charanjith Bawa â€Æ' Team Work Introduction In today’s complex and ever changing environment, organization continue to experiment with new forms of team development. Some of the most successful teams bring together employees with different talents and perspectives. In this research report, my aim is to have a clear and deep research on teamwork and how it affects businesses soRead MoreQnt 275 Week 3 Business Decision Making Project Part 2884 Words   |  4 Pages275 WEEK 3 BUSINESS DECISION MAKING PROJECT PART 2 To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/qnt-275-week-3-business-decision-making-project-part-2/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM QNT 275 WEEK 3 BUSINESS DECISION MAKING PROJECT PART 2 QNT 275 Week 3 Business Decision Making Project, Part 2 Based on your Week 3 collaborative learning team discussion, submit, individually, a 350- to 700-word summary of the work completed by your team. Format yourRead MoreFive Things Top Leaders Do Each Day?1504 Words   |  7 Pagesthat top leaders in business do each day Total Word Count In This Document: 1521 Title: ?10 Things Top Leaders Do Each Day? If you?re a business leader, then you are carrying the success of your business and all of those who work for your business on your shoulders. You are responsible for carrying your business and your team down the road of success. In order to become the best business leader that you can be, you must develop the methods and habits of other successful business leaders. Here areRead MoreImplementing A Business Intelligence Team Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages1.2. Anticipated Outcomes By adopting a business intelligence team, Acosta will achieve company-wide goals quicker. The team will support all functions in the value chain, aiding them to become stronger performers. With the retail team, business intelligence will help decrease drive time so more time is spent in the stores. Human Resources will realize savings in lower employee turnover, saving time searching for candidates and training. Category Management will have flexible, useful reportsRead MoreThe Collaborative Work That Has Been Done For Complete The Business Scenario And Presentation1613 Words   |  7 PagesIn this report I will be explaining about the collaborative work that has been done to complete the business scenario and presentation. We have been given a group task to create a scenario of an organization from given sectors. After the group discussion we have decided to choose transportation sector. We have created a business and a presentation showing how this business will work. Our group has given the name of â€Å"TCE† to this organization which is also known as the courier express, this is aRead MoreBelbin Essay examples784 Words   |  4 Pagesco-operating business there is always a large team of people who are involved in the businesses success to the present and to the future. They are people who have certain jobs that they have to do, and their jobs are described by these names. A plant, co-ordinator, monitor evaluator, implementer, completer, resource investigator, shaper, team worker, and finally a specialist. These people co-operate as a team to be as successful as possible in their business, they do not only contribute as a team to achieve

Essay on Cuba and the United States - 4491 Words

Cuba and the United States The island of Cuba has been a focal point of American foreign policy since the acquisition of Florida in the late 1800s. Cuba continues to capture Americas attention as it is the only existing communist state in the Western Hemisphere. U.S. policy has attempted to topple the communist regime in Cuba since its outset in 1961. Policies designed to incite revolution, destroy the Cuban economy, and starve the Cuban people seem to be at odds with American ideals of democracy and sovereignty. It is, in fact, the very policies that the United States has implemented that have strengthened and prolonged Fidel Castros reign in Cuba. The relationship between the United States and Cuba is paradoxical in that†¦show more content†¦This crisis escalated the importance of Cuban policy and created an awareness of its potential threat among the American public. It is not only Cubas strategic location that places it at odds with the United States. Cubas ideological communist base creates even greater distance between the two nations politically. Since its turn to communism in the early 1960s, Cuba has frightened the American public and been at the heart of policy concerns. The defeat of communism during the Cold War, has been an objective with the power override rational and logical policy measures. The threat of communism in Europe drew a response from Americans that led to an era of foreign policy unlike that of any other period. As that same threat spread into their own hemisphere, response to it became even more radical. Cuba became more than a foreign policy concern as the public began to perceive it as a legitimate threat to life and the security of the nation. These fears were proven to be justified in wake of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Since those days of bomb shelters and predictions of nuclear war, Cuba has not been able to s hake its image as a time bomb on the verge of explosion. Cuba has been internalized as an enemy. This has led to a state of emotionalism that overrides objectivity in policy making. The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union has done little to change American perceptions about the threat ofShow MoreRelatedCuba And The United States864 Words   |  4 PagesCuba and the United States are two very different countries. Although they are only nearly 90 miles away from each other it has been over 50 years since both countries have had any real relationship towards each other, other than the hatred that seems to shown by the two countries’ politicians. In October 1960 the United States began to impose its first round of embargoes towards the small island when Cuba decided to nationalize all of the American Oil on its county after the United States withoutRead MoreThe United States And Cuba1491 Words   |  6 Pages Before the conflict between the United States and Cuba, the two countries were strongly connected in terms of trading, with the US purchasing 87% of Cuba’s exports (CITE). However, once Fidel Castro came to power in Janurary 1959 after successfully overpowering President Batista and established Cuba as a communist state, relations became strained. In the following year, $1.8 billion US assets in Cuba were taken by Castro and the newly Communist state created close ties with the Soviet Union (CITERead MoreCuba And The United States1217 Words   |  5 Pageshe U.S and Cuba officially cut ties in January of 1961, meaning that there have not been any high-level diplomatic relations with Cuba for 54 years. At the time, America and Cuba considered one another as mortal enemies and mistrusted each other’s government greatly. So this raises the question; Was it the correct decision for Cuba and the United States to cut ties? This break with Cuba was a bad decision because it caused Cuba’s economy to plummet, caused Cubans to immigrate, and it caused CubanRead MoreCuba And The United States1610 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction A lot has gone on between the United States and Cuba between 1959 and 2015. In 1959, Cuba and the United States cut off diplomatic ties. On December 17, 2014, the United States and Cuba announced that they would restore diplomatic ties. Diplomatic ties is defined as â€Å"The art or practice of conducting international relations, as in negotiating alliances, treaties, and agreements† by The Free Dictionary. This means that two countries work together and with other countries to talk aboutRead MoreThe United States And Cuba Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States and Cuba The United States is the leader of the free world. The United States exercises strength in this role through trade agreements and military strength. Because of this, the foreign policies the United States puts into place greatly affect the economies of other countries. This is especially true of Cuba. The island of Cuba is just over 100 miles south of the Florida border. The United States and Cuba have struggled to find common ground in regards to foreign policy overRead MoreThe United States And Cuba1534 Words   |  7 Pageshostilities, the United States and Cuba have taken significant steps in recent years to dramatically alter their relationship in the years ahead. Those efforts are controversial to a number of Americans who oppose engaging the Cuban government. Prior to the Spanish American War of 1898, Cuba was a Spanish colony with extensive commercial relations with U.S. businesses, particularly with regard to the production of sugar. Following the U.S. victory in the Spanish American War in 1898, Cuba, which is locatedRead MoreCuba And The United States1610 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction A lot has gone on between the United States and Cuba between 1959 and 2015. In 1959, Cuba and the United States cut off diplomatic ties. On December 17, 2014, the United States and Cuba announced that they would restore diplomatic ties. Diplomatic ties is defined as â€Å"The art or practice of conducting international relations, as in negotiating alliances, treaties, and agreements† by The Free Dictionary. This means that two countries work together and with other countries to talk aboutRead MoreCuba And The United States1307 Words   |  6 PagesCuba is a nation that formed from a history of colonial and imperial domination. Formal colonial status under Spain ended during the invasion by the United States in 1898, when military and corporate interests made the island a de facto colony of the United States. However, Cuba and the United States have had a long history of both political and military ties; both good and bad. Nevertheless, these ties have played a vital ro le in the current relationship the United States maintains with CubaRead MoreThe United States Embargo On Cuba2305 Words   |  10 PagesII 21 March 2016 The Extirpation of the United States’ Embargo on Cuba On an island far, far, away, are oppressed, poor, and hopeless people who have been under the subjugate control of a regime of communist dictators for over half a century. A body of people, who for almost 55 years, have been given the cold shoulder by one of the world’s biggest superpower and the only superpower in close proximity to their own island. The U.S. implemented sanctions on Cuba in 1960 and 1961, with President John FRead MoreThe Embargo On Cuba And The United States1781 Words   |  8 PagesIn December 2014, President Obama started restoring diplomatic relations with Cuba. Cuba and the United States have been hostile since the Cuban Revolution of 1959, when Fidel Castro overthrew the US-supportedbacked dictator, Fulgencio Batista, and established a Communist regime. The US rejected Castro’s bid for equal economic partnership because they wanted to maintain economic dominance. As such, Castro began seizing US assets, causing back-and-forth actions that culmi nated in Presidents Eisenhower

Communication In Healthcare Sector Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communication In Healthcare Sector. Answer: Introduction: Communication is one of the key factor hat is very much essential in healthcare sector for effective treatment of patients. This communication is important not only between the patient and healthcare staffs but also among the different healthcare professionals (Kings et al. 2013). This is essential to assure that a smooth flow of work takes place in healthcare along with maintenance of a culture of safety and also high quality service to students. Improper consequences may lead to adverse effects (Whitehead et al. 2015). The assignment will help to portray a similar case where a hospital faced adverse effects of improper communication. Literature search are done to identify the consequences of ineffective communication and proposed recommendation to overcome them. Case study: The healthcare centre had urgently appointed a developmental manager in their organisation in order to handle the crisis period that the centre was going thorough. It was seen that the complain cell was being overloaded with complains that mainly depicted patients and their family members regarding the safety of the patients. The main cause of concern was found that the patients and their family members were poorly communicated about the patients health. The healthcare professionals also did not mention important facts and information about the patient to their family members. When asked, they were seen to answer their concern wither in very short conversation and also in difficult languages which ultimately did not satisfy the patients as well as their family members. Moreover, the patients also complained that they were not properly educated about their health issues, the interventions taken and many other administrative criteria of the hospitals. Moreover, they also did not commun icate properly with the patients during their stays at the hospitals which made them nervous and restless. Moreover, it was also seen that not only communication was poor among the patients and the healthcare staffs but the situation was similar among the professionals as well. Inappropriate communication was found among the doctors, nurses, technician and the administrators which often hampered the smooth flow of the regular activities of the healthcare centre. It was also found that a continuous blame game was present in the regular busy periods as no one shared proper relationship with each other in the workplace. All these had resulted in the development of a tensed situation in the hospital as large numbers of negative incidents are taking places. Besides, huge number of patient complaints, there has been also increase in number of legal cases against the organisation which had really degrades the reputation of the organisation. Hence, it is extremely important to handle the pa tient situation and deal with it properly to overcome the present situation of crisis. Search strategy: Some of the best databases which are searched on the present topic of discussion are pubmed, medline, cinalh, proquest , Google scholars and others. The inclusion criteria were that all the papers should be within the past 5 years and the exclusion criteria was that all papers others than English language were excluded. The keywords used were effects of poor communication, consequences of poor communication in healthcare, patient-provider communication, communication among healthcare staffs, strategies for better communication in healthcare and others. Research evidence: Effective communication is considered by researchers to share a strong positive association with the patient safety and easy flow of work in the healthcare wards. It is very much important in providing top quality care for the patient. It helps in overcoming complexes among different healthcare centres which they develop mainly due to the system of power play (Laschinger et al. 2014). Any breakdown in the process of effective communication often results in adverse events which may even be life threatening for many patients. Moreover improper communications can land the healthcare professionals in legal battle which affect their practices and career. Researchers usually find two types of communication mediums in the healthcare centres. The first one is the professional - professional communication breakdowns. This is often stated by the researchers to bring down adverse effects like miscommunication about the patients condition, poor documentation as well as failure to read the medical records of the patient. Not only that improper communication result in hurting the self respect and self esteem of the patient as they are not made to know their own health conditions properly. This often lead to breaches in the principles of autonomy and dignity which against result in ethical breaches (Liau et al., 2014). Inadequate informed consent is also measured by many researchers to be one of the most harmful aspects of profession - patient communication is inadequate informed consent which leads to overlooking the rules of the principles of autonomy and dignity. Many researchers have also shown that it is indeed very important for nurses to develop therapeutic relationship with the patients so that best outcomes could be achieved. Communication is the most important aspect for development of such relation. However, unsympathetic response to patients complains have negative effect on the patient for which they may feel neglected. Thus tensions develop between both the stakeholders which care many co mplicacies in the treatment of the patients. Moreover effective communication is also very important for nurses to properly educate patients about their conditions and the different interventions that they need to take for self care and self management (Kurt et al. 2016). Inadequate education provided to the patient about medication due to improper communication is harmful for the patient and may result in hospital readmissions as the patient may not be able to follow the correct procedure and lead to adverse results. Poor communication may also deprive the patient to know each and every detail of the interventions and treatment plan of the nurses. They may not be able to know all the details about heir disorders that they need to know. They may also perceive wrong information due to the inappropriate way of communicating like using of scientific terms and jargons. These should be avoided by professionals in order to make the patient literate completely about their health. Often mis communication due to language barrier also takes place (Ratanowgsa et al. 2013). Proper communication while handling patient with different cultures are important to provide culturally competent care. Poor communication with them may breach their cultural ethic which may harm their sentiments and lead to poor quality service. These ultimately result in poor service delivery to the patients and the quality of care is also compromised which ultimately affects the reputation of the healthcare centres. This in turn makes the healthcare lose its profitability that affects the overall financial health of the organisation and in turn poor resource allocation to staffs. In this way poor communication can affect the foundation of the entire healthcare centres (Lancaster et al. 2015). Coming to another genre of discussion is the consequences of poor communication among the different healthcare professionals. The first consequences of improper communication among the providers are medication errors. Often documentation that includes symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, care plan and medication, problems, risks and health safety information are not handed properly to the delegates or other nurses who are working in teams which leads to handling patient in an unethical way by different members of the same team. This not only confuses the team members but also interrupts the quality service which the patient needs to get from the team members (Reader, Gillespie and Roberts 2014). Often different members of the team must be informed about each and every changes in the documents by diagnosing the patient in every interval so that every members are aware of their next steps and how different medication need to be provided in correct dose and correct route. Secondly, inappropr iate communication among the administrations and the health workers often result in long waiting times for the patients. Due to improper communication, proper managements are not made while fixing appointments, allotting doctors for shifts, appointing more number of patients than the doctors can provide time to, improper date and time given to patients and others all lead to accumulation of more number of patients and also they have to wait offer a larger time. Also improper communication between the nurses results in long waiting time for the patients either for their meal, medication, pain management and others (Paddison et al. 2015). Thirdly, it is also seen that miscommunication or poor communication among the nurses and other healthcare staffs often arise from power struggles , different complexes, lack of confidence and many others. Disagreements as well as differences of the opinions take place among the nurses which can result in occurrences of serious conflicts as well as b lame games in the workplace. Improper communication results in misunderstandings and additional development of ideas about each other which may not exist in reality. Hence communication should be done on a wide scale to resolve the issue and ensure proper workplace culture and safety. Fourthly, sometimes poor decision making also result from improper communication among the different healthcare professionals as the individuals taking the decision may not have all the details need to make correct and rational decision regarding a patient care plan necessities (King and Hoppe, 2013). There are four important section that every healthcare professionals need to undertake to make a correct decision regarding the patient the problem of the patient, possible solution, alternative and consequences and strengths and awareness. Researches show that the better the four aspects discussed among team members, there is high chance of successful outcome of the treatment (OHalloron et al. 2015). Of ten lack of information, a planned procedure with the team members, different decisions taken by different members according to their own rationale and other all lead to improper decision remaining for a patient that affect the health of the patient. Fifthly, miscommunication and poor communications all lead to increased stress among the healthcare professionals due to unnecessary worry as well as concern over the workplace issues despite whether the issues are real or perceived. Hence form the above mentioned disadvantages of the poor communication and miscommunication among the provider-provider and also the provide-patient results in negative outcomes for the patient as well as destruction of the reputation of the organisation. Hence proper method for influencing proper communication among the stakeholders must be introduced by the management systems so that severe negative effects can be avoided (Aggarwal et al. 2015). One of the best recommendations to resolve the issue of communication provided by the researchers are the appointments of experienced leaders in the fields of nursing, administration, financial departments, customer care departments and others. Leaders with their effective styles of leadership will help in development of an unity within the team with the proper establishments o environment which besides being competitive will also help the nurse to appreciate each others work and also give scope to each other for mode development of skill and knowledge. The leaders will invite feedbacks form each of the members regarding their connection with the patients and also with their tem members and accordingly will try to solve the issues of the members respectively (Curtis et al. 2016). All these would include satisfaction of the profession of the healthcare professionals and their stress level would reduce. As professionals become comfortable with their colleagues, issues like improper dec ision making blame games and others will eventually lessen. Better the leadership better will be the quality development of the team members and hence better will be the patient satisfaction. Another important recommendation would be to conduct weekly training classes where trainers would help the healthcare professionals to learn the minute basics of proper communication. Different effective methods of communication like proper listening, proper speaking, feedback giving skills, feedback receiving skills, correct body language, effective participation in team meetings and others all ensure that professionals have an idea about communication models and how to apply them (Martin et al. 2013). Moreover, the trainer also needs to discuss the different ways about how healthcare staff can develop communication with patients by introduction of guideline in the training classes and also by discussing the important methods of communication with patients. The correct ethics of communication should be taught to the professionals. For the first few months, after the introduction of the interventions a monitoring body should be introduced whose main work would be to monitor each and every work of the professionals in every field of the healthcare and report their observations. This would be made in to a report and this evaluation report would then be against introduced to the quality development management so that further modifications are done according the results of the effective training and leaderships on the professionals (Khamisa et al. 2015). On the administrative basis, the managers as well as other administrators should routinely conduct meetings so that they can communicate with each other regrading the different issues faced by the healthcare professionals in different domains, financial resources, outpatient meetings and arrangements, allocation of proper nurse patient ratio and others (Bays et al. 2014). When effective communications among the managers and administrations are done properly, there remains less scope of confusion on the work floor as resources remain ready, proper workforce is found on the floor, less commotion is seen and smooth flow of work is carried. Conclusion: One of the most important factors that lead to compromised patient quality and also a tensed environment among the healthcare professionals are poor communication. Poor communication between healthcare professional lead to issues like medication errors, long waiting times, improper decision making workplace conflicts, increased stress and others. Improper patient provider communication leads to legal an ethical consequence where the patients are not communicated about their disorders and ailments, the interventions provided. Their autonomy and dignity are also snot maintained which harm their self respect. Moreover they face long waiting times that reduce the quality of service. Patients and family suffer from anxiety which leads to further deterioration of health; Moreover communication required for patient education is also not conducted properly. In these situation, training sessions, effective leadership, monitoring body, administration board all lead to betterment of communicati on and positive outcomes. References: Agarwal, S., Perry, H.B., Long, L.A. and Labrique, A.B., 2015. Evidence on feasibility and effective use of mHealth strategies by frontline health workers in developing countries: systematic review.Tropical medicine international health,20(8), pp.1003-1014. Bays, A.M., Engelberg, R.A., Back, A.L., Ford, D.W., Downey, L., Shannon, S.E., Doorenbos, A.Z., Edlund, B., Christianson, P., Arnold, R.W. and O'Connor, K., 2014. Interprofessional communication skills training for serious illness: evaluation of a small-group, simulated patient intervention.Journal of palliative medicine,17(2), pp.159-1 Curtis, J.R., Treece, P.D., Nielsen, E.L., Gold, J., Ciechanowski, P.S., Shannon, S.E., Khandelwal, N., Young, J.P. and Engelberg, R.A., 2016. Randomized trial of communication facilitators to reduce family distress and intensity of end-of-life care.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,193(2), pp.154-162. Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K. and Ilic, D., 2015. Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses.International journal of environmental research and public health,12(1), pp.652-666. King, A. and Hoppe, R.B., 2013. Best practice for patient-centered communication: a narrative review.Journal of graduate medical education,5(3), pp.385-393. King, B.J., Gilmore?Bykovskyi, A.L., Roiland, R.A., Polnaszek, B.E., Bowers, B.J. and Kind, A.J., 2013. The consequences of poor communication during transitions from hospital to skillednursing facility: a qualitative study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,61(7), pp.1095-1102. Kurtz, S., Silverman, J. and Draper, J., 2016.Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine. CRC press. Lancaster, G., Kolakowsky?Hayner, S., Kovacich, J. and Greer?Williams, N., 2015. Interdisciplinary communication and collaboration among physicians, nurses, and unlicensed assistive personnel.Journal ofNursing Scholarship,47(3), pp.275-284. Laschinger, H.K.S., 2014. Impact of workplace mistreatment on patient safety risk and nurse-assessed patient outcomes.Journal of Nursing Administration,44(5), pp.284-290. Liaw, S.Y., Zhou, W.T., Lau, T.C., Siau, C. and Chan, S.W.C., 2014. An interprofessional communication training using simulation to enhance safe care for a deteriorating patient.Nurse education today,34(2), pp.259-264. Martin, K.D., Roter, D.L., Beach, M.C., Carson, K.A. and Cooper, L.A., 2013. Physician communication behaviors and trust among black and white patients with hypertension.Medical care,51(2), p.151. O'Halloran, R., Worrall, L. and Hickson, L., 2015. Environmental factors that influence communication between patients and their healthcare providers in acute hospital stroke units: an observational study.International journal of language communication disorders, pp.1-18. Paddison, C.A., Abel, G.A., Roland, M.O., Elliott, M.N., Lyratzopoulos, G. and Campbell, J.L., 2015. Drivers of overall satisfaction with primary care: evidence from the English General Practice Patient Survey.Health Expectations,18(5), pp.1081-1092. Ratanawongsa, N., Karter, A.J., Parker, M.M., Lyles, C.R., Heisler, M., Moffet, H.H., Adler, N., Warton, E.M. and Schillinger, D., 2013. Communication and medication refill adherence: the Diabetes Study of Northern California.JAMA internal medicine,173(3), pp.210-218. Reader, T.W., Gillespie, A. and Roberts, J., 2014. Patient complaints in healthcare systems: a systematic review and coding taxonomy.BMJ Qual Saf,23(8), pp.678-689. Whitehead, P.B., Herbertson, R.K., Hamric, A.B., Epstein, E.G. and Fisher, J.M., 2015. Moral Distress Among Healthcare Professionals: Report of an Institution?Wide Survey.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,47(2), pp.117-125.

Puritans Thesis free essay sample

In the 1630s, the Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the North to detach themselves from the Church of England, and to pursue religious tolerance. Puritans lead lives that emphasized hard work and discipline, which caused them to be perceived as narrow-minded, and very strict in religion and morals. Despite what early colonists then and citizens of America today believe, some Puritans did not comply with their stereotypical lives of high morals and no sex. The popular assumption might be that the Puritans frowned on marriage and tried to hush up the physical aspect of it as much as possible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but the Puritan society endured the troubles of fornication, adultery, and additional sins. â€Å"Though the Puritans established a code of laws which demanded perfection- which demanded in other words strict obedience to the will of God, they nevertheless knew that frail human beings could never live up to the code. We will write a custom essay sample on Puritans Thesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (4-5) The appearance of fornication, adultery, rape, and illegitimate children were no surprise to the Puritans, yet they still enforced forms of punishment to create some order within the community. For example, when the female servant Elizabeth Dickerson complained that her master took advantage of her, the court accepted her claim â€Å"and ordered her master to be whipped twenty stripes. † (4) The problem of child care arose with so many cases of fornication and adultery. In 1668, the General Court of Massachusetts ordered: that where any man is legally convicted to being the father of a Bastard childe, shall be at the care and charge to maintain and bring up the same, by such assistance if the Mother as nature requireth†¦ This law was among many actions taken to discourage such distasteful decisions; instead the law set the bar to increase temptations to sin among young women. Therefore, women, like Elizabeth Tuft, created false claims of who the father of their child was to have someone who was rich enough to maintain the child’s life. †¦Elizabeth Wells hearing of the sayd law she sayed un to us that if shee should bee with Child shee would bee sure to lay it un to won who was rich enough abell to mayntayne it weather it wears his or not. † (4) â€Å"One reason for the abundance of sexual offenses was the number of men in the colonies who were unable to gratify their sexual desires in marriage. When English settlers came to the colonies, many left their ives behind and continued to stay as more men began to arrive and settle; though the law required them to return back home to their families, and some men, like John Smith of Medfield, who had left their wives for another women â€Å"was sent home poorer by ten pounds and richer by thirty stripes. † (5) Precautions to avoid fornication, adultery, and other sexual offenses, such as â€Å"to see that children got married as soon as possible† (5), â€Å"a whipping or a fine, or both, and perhaps a branding, combined with a symbolical execution in the form of standing on the gallows for an hour with a rope about the neck. (4) These safety measures did not eliminate these offenses, but it decreased the number of cases largely. Though Puritans sought to enforce the moral principles of God within New England, they soon became accustomed to the nature of humans and knew that humans were incapable of obeying the laws o f God perfectly. Therefore, the more one learns about Puritans, the less they appear to be the sad and impossibly perfect society critics have portrayed them to be, and allows one to see the major causes for people to start to break away from the Puritan faith, thus later leading to the Great Awakening.

Media Coverage of War essays

Media Coverage of War essays Is the American news media biased in favor of liberals and liberal causes? Just turn on your TV and channel-surf the major all-news networks and listen to what they are reporting about the war with Iraq. Television provided non-stop coverage of the events of Sept. 11 and the aftermath and now the war against terrorism. The New York Times, Washington Post, etc and all the tabloids filled their pages with news of the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks. Across the United States, special newspaper editions recited details of the devastation and calls for action, day after day. Like a scene from a Hollywood movie, the members of the Senate of the United States stood up and sang God Bless America. Since then, the media has taking a biased approach to the war on Iraq. If we took a minute and jot down how many minutes each station devotes to showing President Bush and his policies toward Iraq in a negative light compared to how many minutes show him in a favorable light. Overwhelmingly he is shown in a negative light. Its as if there is an organized effort to use the media to stop the war. Many of the all-news networks feature people after people pointing out how Bush is in a rush to war and is alienating our allies like France and Germany. This is the liberal news media at its most powerful and at its most destructive to America. Except for FOX, they are giving aid and comfort to an enemy that is bent on Americas destruction. Every anti-war, anti-American protest from around the world is shown with lengthy footage, with interviews with people claiming they like America but just cannot stand this Bush warmonger guy. The question is not whether journalist are being fair, but how you define fairness in the first place...it is the most basic question: should they be partisan or an objective observer? Usually, it is easy to say journalists cannot be partisan, but it is not so ea ...

Essential and Nonessential Clauses

Essential and Nonessential Clauses Essential and Nonessential Clauses Essential and Nonessential Clauses By Mark Nichol Discussions below explain the mistakes in the examples given, which err in mistaking essential and nonessential clauses and vice versa. A revision accompanying each sample sentence demonstrates correct form. An essential (or restrictive) word, phrase, or clause is one that is necessary for conveying the intended meaning of a sentence. When the essential element follows the core of the main clause, the conjunction that serves as the link between them. By contrast, a nonessential (or nonrestrictive) word, phrase, or clause is attached to the main clause, trailing a comma and the conjunction which. (Alternatively, nonessential elements are inserted parenthetically into the sentence with commas, dashes, or parentheses, but this post does not pertain to that type of sentence construction.) Actually, that and which are interchangeable as conjunctions preceding essential elements, but some writing handbooks advocate using only that in such cases to avoid confusion with sentences with nonessential elements, for which which is the only correct conjunction. In American English, at least, many careful writers observe this distinction, a strategy I strongly recommend. The writers of the two examples below have, in constructing the sentences, confused essential and nonessential clauses, as explained in the discussion following each statement. She faulted him for criticizing the Dodd-Frank Act that sought to overhaul the US financial sector following the recession. The wording of this sentence suggests that of various Dodd-Frank acts, the one in question is the one that sought to overhaul the US financial sector following the recession, and therefore the description of the intent of the act is essential, because it pertains to this Dodd-Frank Act. But the part of the sentence that follows that describes the intent of the only existing Dodd-Frank Act. Therefore, the clause that begins with sought provides additional information that should be appended to the main clause, â€Å"She faulted him for criticizing the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act,† with a comma and the conjunction which: â€Å"She faulted him for criticizing the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act, which sought to overhaul the US financial sector following the recession.† More than 60 percent of companies have suffered a cybersecurity compromise in the past year, which exposed confidential information and disrupted systems and operations. Setting the modifying phrase â€Å"exposed confidential information and disrupted systems and operations† off as a subordinate clause beginning with which creates the mistaken impression that the fact that a majority of companies experienced a hack during the previous year had the unfortunate results specified. But the phrase pertains to individual cybersecurity compromises, not to the preponderance of such experiences. The phrase is essential to the sentence- it describes hacking incidents that had specific results- and so should be integrated into the main clause, as shown here: â€Å"More than 60 percent of companies have suffered a cybersecurity compromise in the past year that exposed confidential information and disrupted systems and operations.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business Letter"Replacement for" and "replacement of"What’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Does historical and cultural heritage hamper or stimulate foreign real Essay

Does historical and cultural heritage hamper or stimulate foreign real estate investment in historical cities (St Petersburg) - Essay Example op reining horse and across the bridge one can also see the impearl Mariinsky palace made remarkably visible by the gallant anchor and grappling hook themed flag of St Petersburg flying high. The ever spring green Alexander garden which extends for a few miles with the broad river Neva flowing past. These and many other structures and features that characterize the St Petersburg skyline have made it to be one of the top historical tourism cities in Europe (Trachtenberg and Hyman, 1986). There have been numerous tussles between real estate developers and preservationists in this town. This is because a huge part of urban Russia is occupied by concrete apartments designed in the postmodern period with the intention of housing as many tenants as possible to handle the ever-expanding population. In the backdrop of all this, St Petersburg emerges as a jewel set idyllically by the river Neva and sharply contrasting with the nation’s postmodern infrastructure. In the course of them S oviet period it was been relegated to a run-down and neglected town, but it later reclaimed its glory and with this resurrection have come skyrocketing property values. This has resulted to questions of whether the city can survive with its historical significance intact in view of its incredible real estate potential. While UNESCO protects most of the structures for their historical relevance, there have been disputes on whether the real estate in St Petersburg is more beneficial acting as cultural edifice or being developed for the sake of economic growth. The opinion of the Russian government on this matter is not difficult to guess; in 2013, it prepared a draft document for UNESCO that appeared to be the start of a process to remove numerous protected historical sites from the organizations’ protected list of properties. According to Russians opposed to the move, it is a question of reserving the cultural integrity of the city and profiting from the high property values that would

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 29

Case Study Example Each of the hospitals has their own unique culture that can either help or prevent the coping ability of the employees with the stress of working in their demanding environments. As the individual in charge of socializing the new nurses, I would first communicate the desired behaviors through either written or verbal communication. I would ensure that I role model the required behaviors on daily basis. I would also develop a mentorship program for them to encourage them to engage in a two-way communication and build confidence in them in their early career. This will ensure that they remain motivated all the time. I would also create a time out for some few hours to give them a break from their works and make them feel rejuvenated. There are various challenges that hospitals face when creating a culture that helps in the reduction and management of stress among the employees. One of them is that they have to come up with a creative strategy of ensuring that they manage on the time spent on motivating employees. The reason is that the hospital has to continue with its normal operations while the supportive culture is still going on. Thus, they have to divide the employees into shifts to take them out in shifts for instance, and this can be costly in the long run. Secondly, some hospitals lack the required time to motivate their employees in the required levels. This is considering that hospital nurses, doctors and nurses are under pressure on time and they have to give their undivided attention to patients. If the hospital lacks enough number of nurses, doctors and staff, then coming up with an organizational culture to reduce and manage stress levels in the hospital might be difficult (Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson, 2013). There was a certain organization that I worked for that had inadequate employees. The few employees that worked there had high-stress levels and had to deal with a lot in the organization setting. Thus, the

Breast and Ovarian Cancer Essay Example for Free

Breast and Ovarian Cancer Essay Purpose Statement: This speech has a primary goal of educating the audience and to give a better understanding of what breast cancer is and how it can be treated with detection by a vast variety of methods. It will also give better understanding that not only women but men also are susceptible to breast cancer. Introduction I. Attention: There are a number of researches done about breast and ovarian cancer. Breast cancer is the second largest cause of death in women. Ovarian cancer is the fourth largest cause of death in women, but there isn’t a lot of attention brought to the public by the media. There needs to be more awareness about these types of cancers for better education. II. Relevance: Everyone will be affected by cancer sometime in their life either directly or indirectly. Getting people the knowledge and information might help save a life. III. Thesis: Being tested and self-exams are the most proactive ways to catch it early to prevent death. IV. Preview: I will tell you the causes of breast and ovarian cancer. I will also tell you information about genetic testing. [Transition: Let me first tell you what cancer is.] Body I. What is cancer? What is breast and ovarian cancer? A. Cancer is a cell that because immortal due to the loss of signal to die as the immortal cell continues to grow it splits its self and continues to duplicate this process until a mass is formed large enough to be felt or see in a scan. 1. Breast cancer an immortal cell that is located in the breast tissue, not only in women but men also. 2. Ovarian cancer is an immortal cell located in the ovarian tissue and the fallopian tubes. B. Approximately 2 million women in the United States have been diagnosed and treated for breast cancer and there was a reported 40,000 that lost their lives due to breast cancer in 2009 alone according to the Journal of Cell Tissue Research. C. Approximately 23,000 new cases of ovarian cancer are reported a year and approximately 15,000 will die a year according to the Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. D. Approximately less than 1% of breast cancer occurs in men. [Transition: Now that we have talked about what breast cancer is, let’s talk about what age it could develop.] II. What age is breast and ovarian cancer usually developed? A. The average age for breast cancer is over 50 and the average age for ovarian cancer is 65 or older. B. If you have a strong history of these cancers in your family there is a chance that you could test positive for a genetic mutation gene. 1. A genetic mutation gene is a gene that is passed from family member to family member; There are two types of these genes and one is called BRACA Braca 1 is a mutation for breast cancer, which brings the percentage to a higher rate of getting the disease and getting it at a much younger age for men and women. 2. The other gene is called BRACA 2. Braca 2 is a mutation for breast and ovarian cancer, which means not only is there higher risk of getting breast cancer but ovarian cancer also at a much younger age and for men this gene presents its self in the form of breast cancer and prostate cancer. [Transition: Now that we know the age cancer could develop let’s talk about prevention.] III. What are the preventions for breast and ovarian cancers? A. The first prevention you can do is communication; Talking to your family and children lets them know what the family history is and what to be aware of in the future. B. The second prevention is screening by the doctor on a regular basis and self-exams. C. The third is to get tested for the mutation gene if there is a strong family history. 1. If you test positive for the BRACA 1 gene you can lower the percentage of having breast cancer quite a bit by having a bilateral mastectomy. 2. If you test positive for the BRACA 2 gene you can bring the percentage for having breast and ovarian cancer quite a bit lower by not only having a bilateral mastectomy but also a hysterectomy. [Transition: Now that we understand what breast cancer is, when it could develop and how we can help prevent let’s move on to the conclusion.] Conclusion I. Summary: With all of the information that I have given, we now know not only what cancer is but what breast and ovarian cancer is. We also know that men can get it same as women and instead of ovarian cancer it presents its self as prostate cancer. We now know what age to be thinking about it, and we also know good ways to prevent from getting it. It is not a guarantee that you will not get these types of cancers if you follow these prevention methods but it does bring your chances way down and brings the survival rate up. II. Restated Thesis: Being tested and self-exams are the most effective way to catch it early to prevent death. III. Call to action: Talking is the best way for prevention the more you and your family know the better off everyone is. I encourage you to ask questions and be informed about your family history not only because of these cancers but other health risks also. V. Closing Statement: At the beginning of the speech I spoke about the number of researches done about breast and ovarian cancer and breast cancer being the second largest cause of death in women, and ovarian cancer being the fourth largest cause of death in women, but there not being a lot of information about ovarian cancer in the news or on TV. We desperately need to get the awareness out there to educate people. Knowledge is power.

Double Standard for Women of Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer Odyssey wo

Double Standard for Women of the Odyssey      Ã‚   Odysseus plans to tiptoe back into his hall through various schemes, one of which is to become beneficial and amiable to the maidservants. With this motivation, he offers to guard the hearth so that the fire won’t dwindle, but the response he receives is more than unwelcoming. Melantho, a beneficiary of Penelope, spurns him saying:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   You must be crazy, punch drunk, you old goat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Instead of going out to find a smithy—or a tavern bench—you stay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   putting your oar in, amid all our men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Numbskull not to be scared! The wine you drank   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   has clogged your brain, or are you always this way,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   boasting like a fool? Or have you lost   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   your mind because you beat that tramp, that Iros?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Look out, or someone better may get up   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and give you a good knocking about the ears   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to send you out all bloody. (18.405-15).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unexpectedly and unconventional for his character, Odysseus says: â€Å"One minute: let me tell Telemakhos how you talk in hall, you slut; he’ll cut your arms and legs off† (18.416-20). â€Å"This hard shot took the women’s breath away and drove them quaking to their rooms, as though knives were behind: they felt he spoke the truth† (18.421-23).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the perspective of Melantho, her reason to believe the hungry bellied pariah, Odysseus, seems unclear. There seems to be a lapse in her reasoning. Since the old beggar’s arrival at Odysseus’ estate, Telemakhos—not ever publicly acknowledging the hunched-over man's entry—appears to wholly neglect him. Intimidated by the suitors’ death threats and revealing Odysseus’ identity, the only way out for Telemakhos, ... ... Athens," 5-16. Diana Buitron-Oliver and Beth Cohen,   "Between Skylla and Penelope: Female Characters of the Odyssey in Archaic and Classical Greek Art," pp. 29-58. "Female Representations and Interpreting the Odyssey," by Seth Schein, pp. 17-27. Griffin, Jasper. Homer on Life and Death, 1980, Clarendon Press. Richard Brilliant, "Kirke's Men: Swine and Sweethearts," pp. 165-73. Helene Foley, "Penelope as Moral Agent," in Beth Cohen, ed., The Distaff Side (Oxford 1995), pp. 93-115. "The Odyssey, History, and Women," by A. J. Graham, pp. 3-16 Lillian Doherty, Siren Songs: Gender, Audiences, and Narrators in the Odyssey (Ann Arbor 1995), esp. chapter 1. Marilyn Arthur Katz, Penelope's Renown: Meaning and Indeterminacy in the Odyssey (Princeton 1991). Nancy Felson-Rubin, Regarding Penelope: From Courtship to Poetics (Princeton 1994).

Kant and Categorical Imperatives Essay

In order to evaluate one’s actions whether they are moral or not, we use many moral dilemmas. One of them is Kant’s categorical imperative. This essay presents Kant’s project of categorical imperative. Then, I will explain that rulers should appeal to Kant’s categorical imperative when making foreign policy decision. In order to support my point of view, I will give importance to the reasons of why rulers appeal to categorical imperative when making foreign policy, so I have two reasons for this. One of them is that states depend on each other in economically and politically. Thus, in order to provide this stability which means that continue to stay among other states, states should act through the principles of categorical imperative which are universally valid, good intention and never using people or other states as means to end. The second reason is that if rulers appeal to categorical imperative when making foreign policy decisions, the world can be more peaceful. Since, wars and conflicts which are caused by bad intention, using other people or states as means for gaining advantages which are not universally valid can be hindered by categorical imperatives. Finally, I will conclude that the Kant’s categorical imperatives are still valid and necessary when rulers are making foreign policy decisions. If we explain briefly Kant’s categorical imperative, there are basically three principles that represent it. These are universal law, ends as a means and the importance of intention in conducting of human behaviour. Firstly, according to Kant, one’s action should be universally valid. Universal validity means that people should think behaviours and they need to judge their own behaviours or actions are morally acceptable or not. When you think of your behaviour, if you decide that everyone acts in the same way with me, then the action become universal and moral. The second principle of categorical imperative is that people must respect others and never use them for achieving some goals. Lastly, the third but the most important criterion of categorical imperative is maxim, which means intention. Moral value is determined by the intention of people, which is called general maxim. If your intention is good, then your action is moral. The consequences of your action are not important, the most important thing is your intention. For this reason, being moral in your actions depends on the universal validity. However, it does not matter that how your actions conclude on others whether they are good or bad. In order to explain the first reason of why rulers should appeal to categorical imperative when making foreign policy decisions, we can think about the growing trade between the states. States become more interdependent when trades among various states expand. Interdependence is not only important economically but also politically because all economic or business activity depends on political positions of the states. When states trade between each other, they become mutually dependent on each other’s political advantages. Also, world markets are influenced by politics and state’s power in the world markets depends on its foreign policy. So, states should establish good relations with other states. For this reason, when making foreign policy decisions, ruler should appeal to categorical imperative. Firstly, rulers’ actions must be universally valid. If state’s foreign decisions are internally valid, then state cannot benefit from this politically and economically. For example, if the state decide to change the price of its export goods up without approval of other states, then states could not sell its goods whose price increase, because other states want to buy the same goods from another country whose price is cheaper. Second point is that if state’s intention is bad and this kind of intention is understood by other states, this state is reproached by other states, which have a relation with this state. As a result of this, the state that is reproached becomes alone in the world market and world policy without any advantage both politically and economically. Because of that, states should have a good intention when they have relations with other states. The second reason is that principles of categorical imperative can provide peace and order if rulers appeal to them when making foreign policy decisions. Since, states start to think universally while acting toward other states instead of being self-interested. Moreover, acting with good intentions and not using people or other states as means provide justice and order in the world. Since, each state wants to be powerful and they try to get more power than other states. It means that in order to reach their aims, they simply can use other foreign policy actors as tools. In other words, they can use other states as a means to their ends. As a result of this kind of action, war between states is inevitable. It is because when one state can act in that way toward others then, other states also act in similar way. For this reason, their interests can be probably conflicted and chaos in world politics can arise. However, if states take into account the principles of categorical imperative, there will be probably no conflict or chaos in the world politics. In conclusion, when the principles of categorical imperative are concerned, we easily realise that they depend on each other and they help us to evaluate the actions, which are moral. These principles of categorical imperative have the same goal that is being moral. For to be moral, the actions should be universal and should not have the aim of using others in order to gain advantages. If rulers conduct through the principles of categorical imperative then, it is obvious that the world would be more peaceful and fair. However, these obligations are not put into practise in today’s world politics. But, it is enough to know that categorical imperative is still valid and is necessary to apply to today’s conditions of foreign policy.

India Change over Time Essay

India is a country with a rich culture and many age-old traditions. Although some of these aspects of indian culture can still be seen today, India has changed greatly over the year. A major contributing factor to this change was British colonization of India in the early and mid-1700s; colonization had both short-term and long-term impacts on India. Prior to British colonization most of India lived in small villages and maintained a predominantly agricultural economy. In most regions of India there is a strong sense of family and community. There are many festivals and occasions for celebration, especially weddings. As each region of India has elements of unique culture, occasions and celebrations can vary widely. Before colonization, people lived in extended families. A son would not leave his parents’ home when he married. Instead, his new wife would live with her husband’s family and work for and serve his household. Women had very few choices or rights. They were expected to obey their father until they married, then they would obey their husband. If their husband died, they would be expected to obey their father-in-law. Houses were built of wood, reeds, mud bricks and straw. People slept, ate and sat on the floor, and furniture in houses was not common prior to colonization. Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism are the three religions that are believed to have shaped Indian thought; religions that are practices world-wide. Many motivations pushed Europeans towards colonizing foreign lands. Primarily, nations established colonies to gain economic profits. In addition to a desire for economic profit, nationalism also served as a reason for colonization. Europeans used the ideas of the â€Å"White Man’s Burden† to help justify their colonization of foreign lands. The White Man’s Burden was the idea that as supreme beings, it was the job of the white people to spread their superior ways of living to the inferior people of other places. Britain discovered the Indian sub-continent when it was looking to expand its vast empire. In the mid eighteenth century, India became one of Great Britain’s most important colonies. Great Britain relied heavily on India as a source of raw materials. Britain profited from India’s vast supply of tea and cotton. Beginning in 1757, the East India Company, which was overseen by the British government, ruled India. Britain did benefit from the situation; however, notwithstanding the obvious injustices associated with colonization, India also experienced positive impacts. While Great Britain felt that they were being very generous to the Indian people in colonizing and modernizing the nation, the Indians did not always agree with this. Under British rule, many new roads, railways, and harbors were built, and a telegraph system was created. While the Indians were forced to do much labor in the construction of these things, they were often kept from enjoying and benefiting from the finished products. In fact, the Indian people were treated as second class citizens in their own nation. They were banned from many government positions, and had little rights. They often received lower wages than Europeans working in the same job, and their educations did little for them. The Indians eventually came together to fight against the way that they were treated influenced by the same sense of nationalism that had prompted the British to colonize India more than a century before. After much hard work, India finally gained independence from Great Britain in August 1947; however, although India gained independence all ties with the British nation were not cut. One of the first impacts that colonization had in India was the development of unity. When Britain first acquired India as a colony the country was divided. The British imposed system impacted India by bringing more equality to the country as the caste system which outlined social hierarchy was adapted. It is also significant that Britain accepted all of the religions of India which also allowed unity to prosper. India has also experienced positive impacts from the institution established and then left behind by the colonizers. The institutions established by the British Raj and then inherited by India helped lead to democracy in modern day India. The assistance of these institutions assisted India in becoming the world’s largest democracy today. It is also of note that Britain first introduced India to early capitalism through colonization. Britain transformed India into an agricultural based capitalist economy and established forms of private ownership. These actions led India into creating free trade and competitive business. Today India is the largest provider of services in the world in large part due to colonization; however, it is uncertain if without colonization this would be possible. The Indian population is able to compete in the service sector due to the positive impact of the English language being left behind post British rule. When colonization was occurring in India schools were established which taught and offered instruction in English. It is also of note that the East India Company had a positive impact by establishing some services such as rail throughout the country. The culture of India was also greatly impacted. As the English language spread, indigenous languages were diminished, and the culture, as a whole, began to take on a more European style. Under colonial rule India often depended on Great Britian for such things as technological advances and manufactured goods. Once it became independent, India slowly fell behind the rest of the world, as it had to learn to depend less on other nations and more on itself. India, even today, is considered a third-world country. The nations that were once under colonial rule, such as India, are for the most part the nations that are currently undergoing industrial revolutions. In addition to colonization changing the culture of India, it also affected that of the mother country, Great Britain. Colonization led to an increased diversity of culture in Great Britain. This was because many people from India began to move to Great Britain. Today, Great Britain is still home to many Indian people. The impacts of British colonization were huge and the changes made to India as a nation were great. However, not all of that rich culture was lost. Many of those original religions such as Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism are still practiced world-wide. Also, even though English is common in education and business, the official language of India today is Hindi. Indians continue to be proud of their culture and traditional Indian buildings, attire, and customs can still be seen throughout the country.

Waiting for Social Security Disability

Waiting for Social Security Disability Social Security Disability: The Ultimate Waiting Game The process for Social Security Disability is not an easy one, and it certainly is not fast. At the initial application level there are very low approval rates, extremely over-worked Social Security employees, and incredible hardships faced by the claimants. All of this mixed together results in a frustrating experience for the person who is trying to secure an income to help their family.One of the hardest parts of the entire process is the waiting. You can’t work, you have no income, the bills are piling up, and there are notices coming in almost weekly. It seems like there is no end in sight.After you submit your request for a hearing, the biggest wait time begins. The wait times for a hearing vary between each office. Here are Michigan’s hearing offices and their average wait times for cases that were heard in September, 2016:Detroit  15 monthsFlint  18 monthsGrand Rapids  18 monthsLansing  17 monthsLivonia  13 monthsMt. Pleasant  19 monthsOak Park  16 monthsIn comparison, the shortest waiting period belongs to Fort Smith, AR at 8 months, and the longest waiting period is in Ponce, Puerto Rico at 27 months (25 months in Buffalo, NY is the highest for states). The average wait time for all of the hearing offices is 17.7 months which shows that Michigan is experiencing roughly average wait times.One of the biggest contributing factors is the huge backlog of cases. Since there is such a low approval rating on the initial applications, there is a huge number of people filing appeals. The more people with appeals pending in a certain area, the longer the wait time.There is a light at the end of the tunnel though. For the 2016 fiscal year, more hearings were heard than scheduled.If you are finding yourself in a hardship situation, you may be able to speed up your case. This is never guaranteed, and there are no definite set of guidelines for approval, but it is always worth a shot.Additionally, if you need help with food, bills, or gen eral living expenses, please check out the Resources area of our website, contact the United Way at 411, or look into local charities and churches.

Answers to Questions About Writing Fiction

Answers to Questions About Writing Fiction Answers to Questions About Writing Fiction Answers to Questions About Writing Fiction By Mark Nichol Here are three questions from DailyWritingTips.com readers about aspects of fiction writing, each followed by my response. 1. When it comes to fiction dialogue, do any grammatical rules apply? Generally, dialogue in fiction should be consistent with the speech patterns and habits of the individual characters; that’s one way to convey their personalities, and such idiosyncrasy provides a note of authenticity. Search DailyWritingTips.com for â€Å"dialogue† to find numerous posts on the topic. 2. I have always thought that when writing dialogue and a character’s speech runs into multiple paragraphs, each paragraph should begin and end with quotation marks. However, recently I’ve seen it published where the first paragraph ends with no quotes but the second one begins and ends with them. Which is the correct way? The way you’ve seen it recently is standard: â€Å"First, second, and all other paragraphs except for the final one. â€Å"Final paragraph.† All paragraphs but the final one are left open because including a close quotation mark might lead a reader to believe that the quotation is final and that the next paragraph consists of a different character’s speech. The lack of a closing mark at the end of one paragraph and the use of an opening mark in the subsequent paragraph signals that the speech is continuing. It’s a good idea, however, to toss in an attribution or some stage business to identify the speaker now and then in an extended speech or in a conversation involving more than two speakers. 3. Why is it a crime to use a clichà © in a novel? We all use clichà ©s in talking with people, so why the big no-no when writing? In social situations and other informal environments, â€Å"lazy† language is acceptable it’s a lot of work to keep up careful discourse. The same is true with casual writing. But novels should be written with the utmost care, even if the tone is colloquial, with language that is as fresh and original as possible. Occasional idioms are acceptable, but strive to find your own way of expressing a thought or conjuring an image. Ultimately, the choice is up to you, but reader response (or lack thereof) may change your mind. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their Synonyms25 Idioms with Clean

Letter Of Appeal Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter Of Appeal - Personal Statement Example However, it has been a contributing factor in my poor GPA scores up until now. This feeling of homesickness was exacerbated by being taught in a language other than my mother tongue. While my proficiency in English is very good, using it rather than my native language in full-time discourse does, as I’m sure you understand, take quite some getting used to. The period of adjustment this necessitated obviously had a direct effect on my academic results, but I have since accelerated my studies in English, and have been reading much more material and working harder at mastering the language, so that my studies should not suffer in the future. All of these factors left me with feelings of confusion, and a lack of direction and motivation. Not knowing what my goals were, either academically or in terms of a career, certainly meant that I had difficulty focusing on the work in hand. However, I have since resolved to work as hard as I can in order to get everything I can out of the academic experience on offer at New Haven. a I have, furthermore, not always been in an emotional state conducive to productive study. I come from a very close-knit family, and in the time I have been in the United States, two uncles, both of whom had been prominent figures in my life as I was growing up, and who were very dear to me, have sadly passed away. The feeling of desolation that such a loss left me with was only worsened by being so far away from my family group at this time of personal crisis. Of course, I would not claim that any of these factors, as important as they have been in bringing about the current situation, are completely responsible. I am willing to acknowledge that I have been guilty of putting a distinct lack of effort into some areas of my work. Of this I am not proud. However, I am writing to you to appeal for a reconsideration of my case in light of all of the above. I want

IT Legistilation and Ethics. Cloud Computing Based MIS Essay

IT Legistilation and Ethics. Cloud Computing Based MIS - Essay Example I believe that working in a competitive environment will definitely help me develop a high level of confidence, as well as a professional attitude. I have also planned to get membership of Association for Information Systems (AIS) which is a professional body related to the field of information technology. The goals of AIS include becoming the leader of the information system research, education, and professional practice, promoting excellence in IT education, promoting information system as the world’s best professional career, and helping information system professionals and related communities in improving their professional skills and abilities. Some of the main benefits which I will get from that membership include access to world’s best information system professionals, opportunity of knowledge sharing with IT experts, career placement services, access to world-class information systems conferences, exclusive right to use to the AIS library, and opportunity to get monthly newsletters about the latest updates regarding information technology services. I believe that this membership will help me become a well-informed and competent information system professional. Task 2: 1. Chosen Technology: Cloud Computing Based MIS Information technology is the most rapidly expanding field of technology that has influenced almost every business. In this report, we will talk about a modern technology associated with the information technology. The technology we are talking about is Cloud Management Information System (Cloud MIS). Cloud MIS involves using cloud computing services to manage information and data that companies put into their information management systems. Cloud based management information systems... Some of the most considerable benefits of using Cloud based MIS include improved efficiency, greater flexibility and storage, lower initial capital expenditure, secure data management, improved management of the system, and lower operational expenditure. The basic concept of using this technology to manage MIS was developed in the recent years. However, with the passage of time, more and more developments are taking place that are making this technology a reliable choice for companies to store and manage their data. 2. Cloud Computing Talking about cloud based MIS, let us first get an understanding of what cloud computing actually is. Cloud computing is a network based online service that assists people in using a wide range of software applications on their personal computer systems using internet. Internet is the main requirement for using cloud services because of its network orientation. As Schauland (2011, p. 1) states, â€Å"Surfacing in late 2007, cloud computing is used to allow services used in everyday practice to be moved onto the Internet rather than stored on a local computer†. Cloud computing also helps companies in managing their data management tasks. Cloud services help businesspeople in such a way that employees and managers or any other user of the system do not need to be at some particular place to be able to use cloud services, rather they can carry out their data management activities being anywhere in the world. The only thing they need to do is to have a computer system and an inter net connection to access the cloud services. Cheow (2010) states that the users can make use of cloud computing applications as along as they have an access to the internet services.

Date Rape Crime Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Date Rape Crime Statistics - Essay Example The fact that the parties knew each other or that the woman willingly accompanied the man are not legal defenses to a charge of rape, although one Pennsylvania decision ruled that there had to be some actual physical resistance." The term 'rape' is a broader domain that involves a variety of sexual assaults. These can be classified on the basis of the level of acquaintance between the rapist and the victim, on the basis of number of rapists, on the basis of the consent of the victim, age of victim etc. It is different from other types of rape like stranger rape, spousal rape or statutory rape. Date Rape is the sexual assault by someone, whom the victim knows; whereas, as it is obvious from name, the stranger rape is committed by the person whom victim never knew before. It is interesting to note that, contrary to what is commonly believed, date rapes are more common than the stranger one. Spousal rape is the act of rape by the spouse. The legal status of this kind of rape is disputed in many constitutions. Statutory rape refers to rape when the consent of victim exists, thus no force or threat is applied, but the age of the victim is less than the Age of Consent, the age when one is allowed to give his/her c onsents for the sexual assault. The use of these drugs, especially that of alcohol is most c... Rohypnol is one common example of Benzodiazepines. It causes amnesia to a varying level. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate It has an affect very similar to alcohol. Other drugs Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic, and MDMA (Ecstasy) is an empathogenic phenylethylamine. Chloral hydrate has a sedative/hypnotic effect similar to that of benzodiazepines. (Francis, 1996) The use of these drugs, especially that of alcohol is most common. Moreover, use of these drugs in the date rape is yet popular, since the rapist can easily let the victim have the drug without the victim's awareness, on account of his acquaintance with the victim.(Hodgson and Kelly, 2007) The Victim Offender Relationship: Unlike the popular belief, the ratio of date rape is far greater than that of stranger rape. In Canada, the acquaintance rape accounts for approximately 64% in 2004. (Criminal Victimization in Canada survey, 2004), while the same accounted for 67 % in United States of America. (Criminal Victimization in United States of America survey, 2004) Approximately 28% of victims are raped by husbands or boyfriends, 35% by acquaintances, and 5% by other relatives. (Violence against Women, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Dept. of Justice, 1994) However, these statistics are yet far below the reality on account of different reasons. First of all, there is a common hesitance to report the event. In the United States in 2004, only 35.8 percent of rape/sexual assault crimes were reported to the police, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey. The FBI estimates that only 37% of all rapes are reported to the police. U.S. Justice Department statistics are even lower, with only 26% of all rapes or attempted rapes being reported to law enforcement officials. Furthermore, the definition of various

The Readymade Garments Industry Of Bangladesh

The Readymade Garments Industry Of Bangladesh The readymade garments industry of Bangladesh is the fastest growing export oriented industry of the country. Starting in late seventies, the ready made garment industry of Bangladesh now accounts for over 64% of the countrys total export earning. A close look at the composition of RMG export of Bangladesh over the last two decades reveals that the woven garments sub-sector constituted the lions share. In fact, the beginning of the development of RMG sector started with woven garments in 1985. In the first half the 90s, the share of woven garments was above 80%. However, the share gradually started to decline to about 70% in five years late and to 62% in 2004 and to 38.80% in 2005-2006 (Export Promotion Bureau Bangladesh, 2006). In addition, compared to its double-digit growth in the 90s, the woven garments export grew only about 8% in 2000. Such a declining growth rate and a steep decline of the share of woven garments export in the total RMG export makes it urgent to re-evaluate the status of the sector of Bangladesh vis-Ã  -vis with that of the competing countries. Moreover, with the dominance of the proponents of free market economy, some changes are taking place in the global trade regulations affecting the readymade gar ments sector of Bangladesh in general. One example of such change is the phasing out of the apparel quota on December 31, 2004. Under these circumstances, it is imperative to assess the competitiveness of the woven garments sector of Bangladesh in the global market place. Hence the researcher studied the overall woven garment industry in group and this study analyzes the woven garments industry competitiveness of a single organization from strategic management perspectives. 1.2 Rational of the Study The objectives of the enterprise analysis are the following. To identify the vision, mission, objectives, and values of the company. To identify the process of crafting and executive strategy. To analyze the companys resources and competitive position. To find out the application of the five generic competitive strategies. To find out the application of various complementary strategic options. To find out the fit of the strategies to the company and the industry situations. To identify various diversification strategies. To find out the application of ethics and corporate social responsibility. To identify the leadership styles and corporate culture. 1.3 Scope of the Study The study has some boundaries. The following points delineate those boundaries. Because of the highly fragmented nature of the industry even in the domestic market (with about 400 woven producers present in different parts of the woven garments value chain), aggregation of enterprises could not be provided. Rather, a whole view point of the enterprise has been taken. This limits the researchers of this study not to use financial aggregation as well since only a few woven garments industries (not more than 5) are enlisted with the stock exchange. The analysis has been confined to the key markets of the woven markets. The markets where Bangladesh occasionally exports or where the amount of export is very small, those markets are excluded from the scope of the study. 1.4 Methodology 1.4.1 Research design The study, given the nature of the objectives, has a descriptive research design. Since this study is going to be one of the earliest studies with similar objectives about the woven garments sector, the research would be of reporting kind. According to Cooper and Schindler (2003), at the very elementary level a reporting study is done to provide an account, or to make a summation of data, or to generate some statistics. They have also argued that a reporting study requires very little inference. However, the current study answers what and why of Macro environment, industry and competitive conditions, and thus, requires a great deal of inference. Hence, the current study would be more appropriately termed as a descriptive study. Therefore, the research design for the study is descriptive research design. 1.4.2 Data collection 1.4.2.1 Primary sources The researchers collected the enterprise data organizing and a number of key informant interviews (KII) with the key persons in Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. as I have selected this organization for the enterprise analysis. Due to time limitation, the participants were chosen through personal contacts and participants willingness to participate in the discussion. The key informants considered were senior managers of the selected organization and a few bankers related to the organization. 1.4.2.2 Key Informant Interview The researcher will select at least 7 owners or managers to interview as key informants. This interview will focus on the enterprise level information like the vision, mission, objective, current performance in both local and international markets, the competitors in both markets, products and so on. 1.4.2.3 Secondary sources The researchers have explored the following secondary sources to meet the objectives of the report. Data inventory of Bangladesh Export Promotion Bureau Bangladesh (EPB) relating to readymade garments export. Data inventory of Bangladesh Garments Manufactures and Exporters Association (BGMEA) On-line news archive of newspapers and news agencies home and abroad Annual report of the company Books and journals at the library of Institute of Business Administration and University Press Limited 1.5 Limitations of the Study The current study is limited by a number of factors. First, the participants for KII have been chosen conveniently. Second, the list of questions KII has been developed from the scratch by the researchers themselves. However, these limitations are not likely to invalidate the conclusions. The reasons are the following. First, the researchers will depend on both primary and secondary sources. Second, the primary sources have been bifurcated into managers of woven garments companies in Bangladesh. Third, the list of questions has been checked for recasting by the instructor of the course. The refinement of the list of questions following the suggestions of such an expert enhances the relevance and reliability of the questions asked. Hence, these two approaches ensure cross-validation of information needed to fulfill the objectives of the report. Strategic Planning process for Rahim Textiles Limited Mission and Goal SWOT External Analysis: Opportunities and Threats Internal Analysis: Strengths and Weakness Functional Level Strategy Business Level Strategy Global Strategy Corporate Level Strategy Corporate Performance, Governance and Ethics Implementing Strategy in a Single Industry Strategy Formulation Implementing Strategy across Industries and Countries 2.0 Company Profile 2.1 Vision The vision statement of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd is to create added value to the common wealth and to benefit the society. From the discussion with company managers, the researcher revealed that by the above stated vision statement they want to mean to improve the well being of valued equity holders, investors, employees and members of the society without interrupting or disordering the universal socio-ecological-economic position and the process of human civilization leading to peaceful co-existence of all the living beings. The vision statement of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. lacks the important characteristics of a vision statement. First of all, from the vision the kind of company cannot be identified. It is too much generic and fails to identify the business or industry to which it is supposed to apply. This vision can be applied to companies of any kind of industry. Secondly, the vision statement is not focused to provide managers with guidance in making decisions and allocating resources. The vision is also bland and lacks motivational power. Finally, the vision statement of the company is vague in meaning; no concrete objective is mentioned in the vision. 2.2 Mission Realize the vision; the mission of the company is to play a leading roll in export oriented textile sector through reasonable application of Knowledge and Skills. This mission is also very weak in meaning. There is no description of the companys present business scope and purpose in the vision statement. 2.3 objectives The objective Rahim Textile Mills Ltd is to maximize our productivity on strict ethical standards at minimum cost to ensure optimum growth of wealth of the company. This is basically falls in the type of strategic objective. Since the company is making profit satisfactorily and the existing financial condition is healthy enough, they are concentrating on the strategic objective. 2.4 History Rahim Textile Mills Ltd started its journey in 31 December, 1981. The company commenced production in the year of 1987. Initially the company was producing only woven garments, afterwards with the expansion strategy the company built its capacity in both woven and knit sector as well as in dyeing. They already established huge factory at shafipur, Kaliakar and Gazipur, all outside but very much near to the capital city. The company has four sister concerns. They are as follows: Malek Spinning Mills Ltd. Knit Asia Ltd. New Asia Ltd. Salek Textile Ltd. Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. enlisted in Dhaka stock exchange on 29 March, 1988. 2.5 Products The main woven products of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd are shirts, trousers, hats and jackets, mostly made from cotton. Recently the company are enlarging its product width and producing inner wears for different worldwide famous brands. On the other hand, the company also produces knit garments products, e.g. sweaters and socks. Products Cotton products Shirts, trousers, hats and jackets Knit garments products Sweaters and socks 2.6 Export Volume and Destination As we discussed with the key persons of the company, the informants were declined to disclose the exact quantity of exports from their production, but they mentioned the proportion of export to total production. They mentioned that the company exports about 92% of its products. Most of the export is sent to USA as well as the other major portion in EU countries. From figure 2.3, it can be concluded that earning per share of the company is consistent and higher in the last year. In the last year Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. diversified its business in knitting sector and the result is increased earning per share in the last year. 3.0 Internal Analysis 3.1 Core competencies By the definition of core competence, it is a competitively important activity that a company performs better than other internal activities. In case of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. its core competence is the quality of its products. In production the company has been using its highly experienced and skilled professional in its manufacturing process. Therefore it already gained loyalty from its buyers. The company not only concentrates in quality, but also maintains the cost of the product so that the cost becomes competitive among the rivalry in the industry. 3.2 Distinctive competencies From literature, distinctive competence is a competitively valuable activity that a company performs better than its rivals. The researchers tried to identify distinctive competence of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. through key informant interview with the top level managers of the company. But from the response of the KII participants, it has been revealed that the company has no distinctive competence to attract the vigorous buyers in the market. 3.3 Key resources Key resource strengths of a company generally form the cornerstones of strategy and make the company competitive in the industry. From the KII with the top level managers of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. the researcher identified that key resources of the company are: Highly experienced professional Better technology Better market access 3.4 SWOT Analysis In order to accomplish SWOT analysis the researcher followed the steps below. Figure 3.2: Steps of SWOT analysis. 3.4.1 Resource strength and competitive capabilities From primary data of KII and secondary data, the researchers identified the following resource strength and competitive capabilities. Highly experienced and skilled workforce as its intellectual capital relative to rivals which provides the company learning and experience curve advantages. Better product quality compared to the medium size competitive rivals Better customer base as compared to the small garments companies Technology is on average updated, but not like that of Square textile or Bex-tex Capacity is well-matched with its production volume. 3.4.2 Resource weaknesses and competitive deficiencies Potential resource weaknesses and competitive deficiencies of the company, as identified by the researcher, are mentioned below. The company has no clear strategic vision to direct the company towards specific targets Behind rivals is using e-commerce for their promotion purpose whereas the company even has no website for the convenience of information gathering by the foreign buyers. Its product line is narrow compared to the other rivals in the industry. It has no brand image in local market and very weak influence of brand in the global market, only with the selected suppliers. Long lead time is another crucial factor for which the foreign buyers are declined to buy its products. 3.4.3 Market opportunities Although Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. had been running their business in woven sector only, they are now expanding their business horizon in the knit sector also. The company realized that its skilled and experienced workforce can be utilized in the knit sector effectively and efficiently. We foresee a brighter future for us. Print and dyeing orders shall increase overall. We must continue to strive to achieve more orders which shall ensure greater progress and prosperity. It has become essential for us to embark upon capacity enhancement and balancing of our dyeing printing machineries urgently to meet the stringent quality assurances imposed by the buyers. We need to improve labor productivity and consistency in quality. We will face tougher competition both from within and outside. We need to resolve issues related to bond and customs to ensure faster disposal of imported raw materials. We need to work extensively and pursue the government to have provision of subsidy and other incen tives at different stages of production and process to remain competitive in the international market. The concerted and coordinated efforts will ensure higher production, better quality to make the production year 2007-2008 the year of greater progress and prosperity. 3.4.4 Threats to the future profitability Day by day the strong rivals are capturing the markets available to the industry in Bangladesh. Another threat is coming from technological change. Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is not large enough to regularly update its technology to compete with other key rivals and so losing market share gradually. Besides, the company is facing cost cut competition from the rivals. 3.5 Prices and costs competitiveness The rise in the price of chemicals and dyes by over 30% also affected the order acceptance and overall production. Exporting countries of dyes, Chemicals and Colors especially China, India increased their prices making the market very competitive and difficult. Buyers took advantage of the competition amongst similar dyeing printing Factories and offered lower price. Despite such a situation we could improve both export and local market prices. Dearth of the trained manpower had led to poor labor productivity and inconsistency in the quality of textile products. 3.6 Business model A companys business model relates to whether the revenue-cost-profit economics of its strategy demonstrate the viability of the business enterprise as a whole. In case of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. business model of the company is not only viable but also it shows its success in many consecutive year as the company is making huge amount of profit regularly. The business model of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is a proven model which ensures the companys viability in the market for a long period- from 1986. 3.7 Value chain of the company The value chain of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is similar to the following value chain model. Absent Figure 3.3: Value chain model for Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. On the value chain model, Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. lacks efficiency in sales and marketing. Therefore the company is loosing market share to the competitive rivals. Also there is no R D department in the company. This is why they are lacking in product innovation and product differentiation. 3.8 Dimensions of organizational culture Culture of an organization consists of the characteristics as described in the following figure. Figure 8.1: dimensions of organizational culture From the perspective of the woven garments industry in Bangladesh, most of the employees in the industry come from inferior background in terms of both academic and social status. Almost all the workers educational background is either SSC or below SSC. They are mostly unaware about the culture of the organization. Even the managers are very little concerned about the culture of their organization. From our focus group discussion, the discussants give importance on the following characteristics of organizational culture: Aggressiveness The managers are aggressive with their workers rather than easygoing. The managers always give pressure to the workers about their performance. Even a worker is performing satisfactorily; she or he is not given any kind of motivational incentive or compliments to continue his performance. Team orientation In this industry team orientation among the employees is nearly absent. The managers, in most of the cases being unaware about synergy, do not bother about the performance of team, rather always prefer individual performance. People orientation People orientation reflects the degree to which the management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. By definition and comments of the discussants of FGD, this characteristic of organizational culture is rarely practiced by the managers in planning, design and implementation of production. Outcome orientation Outcome orientation measures the degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes. In most of the woven garment industry the production managers are outcome oriented. They attach importance to the quality of the products rather than their production process and technology used in production. Attention to detail Attention to detail is the degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis, and attention to detail. Since most of the workers in the garment industry are unskilled and even they are not provided any kind of training, they must follow the guidelines of their work literally as mentioned by the managers. 4. External Analysis 4.1 Competitor Analysis Major competitors of the Rahim Textile Limited is given below Monno fabric, Babylon Garments, Desh garments and Viella-tex Square Textile Mills Beximco Textiles The factors of similarity are mostly activism in marketing and selling, availability of local raw materials, delivery reliability, and level of backward linkage. 4.2 Competitive Positioning In order to identify the competitive position of the company, the researcher used strategic group mapping considering the selected 7 companies by the group. In strategic group mapping researchers has given importance to the cost of the products, product quality, active marketing, lead time, delivery time, and export quantity. The figure above shows that Monno fabric, Rahim textile, Babylon Garments, Desh garments and Viella-tex have similar ranking on the basis of the two attributes. All these five companies have higher quality while they are low in price. So, these five companies emerge as a strategic group. On the other hand, Square and Bex-tex have average performance on each of the considered factors of the mapping and hence, they can be said to fall in the same group. 4.3 Textile Industry: The textile industry in Bangladesh occupies a prominent position within the countrys industrial structure. It is the largest manufacturing sector, providing jobs for some 50% of the total industrial workforce and contributing 9.5% of the countrys GDP. Also, it accounts for almost 77% of total exports, making it Bangladeshs leading foreign exchange earner. In the early 1980s exports were dominated by jute while garment sales were insignificant. But today garment exports are by far the leading export category. In 2001/02 the clothing sector generated as much as US$4.58 bl in foreign exchange. The industry benefits from special access to markets in the EU, Canada, Norway and Japan. Because Bangladesh is a least developed country, its textile and clothing exports enter these countries quota-free and duty-free. This concession, together with low labour costs, provides the garment sector with a strong competitive advantage. But in order to produce garments for export, the sector has to purchase a large share of its yarn and fabric needs from abroad, especially woven fabrics. Few local textile firms are able to produce materials of the required quality or in adequate quantities. The Bangladeshi government is attempting to remedy this situation. To reduce the countrys import bill, it is offering tax concessions and incentives aimed at encouraging investors to develop the necessary backward linkages. Profitability of a market/industry depends on strength of five threats to profitability: 4.4 Porters Five Factor Analysis: 4.5 Industry life cycle Analysis: A useful tool for analyzing the effects of industry evolution on competitive forces is the industry life model, which identifies five sequential stages in the evolution of an industry that lead to five distinct kinds of industry environment: embryonic, growth, stakeout, mature and decline. Embryonic Shakeout Decline Maturity Growth Textiles industry is at maturity stage in the industrial product life cycle stage. 5.0. Strategy Analysis 5.1 Generic Competitive Strategy A competitive strategy concerns the specifics of managements game plan for competing successfully and achieving a competitive edge over rivals. A company achieves competitive advantages whenever it has some type of edge over rivals in attracting buyers and coping with competitive forces. There are countless variations in the competitive strategies that companies employ. Mainly because each companys strategic approach entails custom-designed actions to fit its own circumstances and industry environment. The mostly used five competitive strategies are shown in the following figure: Figure 4.1: Five generic competitive strategies 5.2 Low-cost provider strategy Among the five mentioned competitive strategies, Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. achieve overall low-cost provider strategy. The company is the lowest cost provider rather than just being one of perhaps several competitors with comparatively low costs. The companys strategic target is meaningfully lower costs than rivals but not necessarily the absolute lowest possible cost. 5.3 Fitness of the strategy Ready made garment industry is moving very fast, new competitors are emerging in the market frequently; growth rate is decreasing year after year. To cope with changes Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. must tailor its strategy so that the company can become profitable and competitive to surrounding rivalry establishing a distinctive competence. 5.4 Strategies for entering the market More and more companies are finding themselves in industry situations characterized by rapid technological change short product cycles because of entry of important and fast-evolving customer requirements and expectations -all occurring at once. Due to the entrance of new competitors the market for Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is shrinking. To compete with these fast moving changes, this company has to be technologically sound, product innovative to attract the change-demanding customer and product diversification. 5.5 Strategies for coping with rapid changes It is very important to understand the key driving forces of an industry to decide upon the strategy of any company inside the industry. By searching the internet, reviewing related literatures, implementing key informant technique, and by organizing focused group discussion the following key forces have been identified. Growing use of internet technology and applications Increasing globalization Changes in the buyers requirements Changes in cost and efficiency Changes in global regulations in the textiles and apparels industry In Bangladesh internet technology and web applications play a vital role in establishing collaboration between importers and buyers abroad. Exporters communicate with Importers though internet where buyers put their proposal and ask for bidding. Prospective sellers bid through the internet and the lowest bidder is rewarded with sales contract This is how internet technology acts as a bridge in connecting business people across different parts of the world. In domestic market there is no such seller who uses websites as a part of their supply chain. Amazon uses website as a competitive tool in gaining customers. But such facilities havent yet gained prominence in a developing country like Bangladesh. So Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. can take an initiative eto develop website for buyers and suppliers. The overall global trade is increasing phenomenally every year and after. In business the process of going global is largely marked by increasing volume of export and import and greater number of licensing, franchising, strategic alliances, joint venture and setting up of foreign subsidiaries by business houses. Thomas Friedman while describing the trend of globalization summed it up in one sentence that globalization is farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper.(Hossain and Sandhir 2004) Key informant interviews reveal that trade liberalization has made it much easier for entering into new market and carry out manufacturing activities by out sourcing them. Brands like Reebok, Marks Spencer, Denim, Wall Mart, Levies, Nike etc. out source their manufacturing activities to countries like Bangladesh where they can get value chain activities done cheaper than any other part of the world. Although the ready made garment sector is not so much speedy changing, it has to be proactive about the market demand and thereby make itself prepared for the market demand. Other option is the company can react with the change. Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is considering the latter approach. It is reacting with the changes. When the other companies are fighting to reduce lead time and improve delivery time, this company also trying to walk in the same way. The company is trying to incorporate new technology for its production process. 5.6 Strategies for sustaining rapid company growth As Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is medium size company in the woven sector industry in Bangladesh, the company is following horizon 1: short-jump for sustaining rapid company growth. By this technique, the company is adding new items to the companys present product line, expanding into new geographic areas where the company does not yet have a market presence and launching offensives to take market share away from rivals. The objective of this short jump is to capitalize fully on whatever growth potential exists in the companys present business arenas. The sustainability of exports of woven garments in Bangladesh remains under question as the sector lacks backward linkages far from the requirements. At present, around 20 to 25 per cent of the raw materials required for the woven garments are supplied domestically whereas the same for the kit garment is 75 to 80 per cent. The manufacturers depend on the international market for the rest of the raw materials required for both the sectors. Given the pattern of growing demand for TC in the international market and the increasing competitiveness from the major exporting countries it would be difficult for Bangladesh to stand in the competition with her limited supply-side capacity. Bangladesh may supper a serious setback in outsourcing raw materials from the international market. 5.7 Diversification Strategy The big risk of a single-business company is having all of rhe firms eggs in one industry basket. If the market is eroded by the appearance of new technologies, new products, or fast-shifting buyer preference, then a companys prospects can quickly dim. For these reasons the company takes diversification strategy to broaden its business horizon. In the researchers case analysis, Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. has also realized the risk of single-business Company and also realized that the existing potential resources can be utilized efficiently if the business is broadened with the similar sectors. From this view point, Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. has extended its business in knitting sector as well as spinning. 5.8 Strategies for entering new businesses From the view point of input side, Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. considered the following factors in expanding its business horizon in new businesses. Existing technologies and expertise complement to the expanded business Existing competencies and capabilities are same valuable competitive assets for the expanded business New business in spinning and knitting is closely related to existing woven garments and so opens new avenues for reduction of cost The existing suppliers expanded their supply in spinning and knitting raw materials as well as buyers demanding products of knitting garments. Besides the management of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. has thought about the outcome and the benefit of shareholders so that value is added to them.. There were three different choices for the company to diversify in the new business. The choices are as follows: Acquisition of an existing business